THE FIGHT AGAINST CORRUPTION AND INSECURITIES IN NIGERIA.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Background Of The Study

It has been determined that the primary impediments to progress, especially in third-world countries, are instances of both corruption and insecurity. One aspect that contributes to the corruption of powerful persons is greed. As a result of the fact that the vast majority of people have the belief that the resources that are there in these nations have the potential to guarantee that every member of the community has access to the essential requirements for life, his perspective is often more broadly accepted (Zubairu, 2020). According to Okenna (2020), our extremely individualistic and materialistic culture, which places a focus on the efforts of people to collect as much money as they can regardless of how much wealth was gained, is primarily to blame for the problem of corruption. As a result of this situation, some individuals and groups of individuals have resorted to engaging in activities that are illegal and antisocial in order to amass wealth. The dangers that corruption poses to the social fabric are significant and should not be taken lightly. He believes that ever since the country won its independence in 1960, successive governments have tried to design and implement policies that would assist this nation in ridding itself of corruption. He states that this fight has persisted till now.

Insecurity is the primary reason for poverty, according to Olivia (2022), the poor in Nigeria; yet, the poor in Nigeria do not always equate poverty with armed conflict. [Citation needed] They argue that new conflicts have emerged as a result of politicized agents using the plight of the impoverished to address the reactions or lack thereof of the state to the citizen's lawful education. This is because the government is unable to provide its citizens with basic infrastructure and services.

In the context of this investigation, the term "insecurity" refers to any violation of peace and safety, irrespective of the historical, theological, ethno-regional, civic, social, economic, or political origins of the conflict that caused it. Throughout the course of the previous year, Nigeria has been rocked by recurrent conflicts that have led to the wilful destruction of property, the loss of life, and injuries to those who were injured. It has been determined that the primary impediments to progress, especially in third-world countries, are instances of both corruption and insecurity. One aspect that contributes to the corruption of powerful persons is greed. As a result of the fact that the vast majority of people have the belief that the resources that are there in these nations have the potential to guarantee that every member of the community has access to the essential requirements for life, his perspective is often more broadly accepted (Ezeala and Nzewi, 2019).

Our extremely individualistic and materialistic culture, which places an emphasis on the efforts of people to collect as much money as they possibly can without regard to how much of that wealth was earned, is primarily to blame for the problem of corruption. As a result of this situation, some individuals and groups of individuals have resorted to engaging in activities that are illegal and antisocial in order to amass wealth.

The dangers that corruption poses to the social fabric are significant and should not be taken lightly. He believes that ever since the country won its independence in 1960, successive governments have tried to design and implement policies that would assist this nation in ridding itself of corruption. He states that this fight has persisted till now. The majority of those living in poverty in Nigeria see insecurity as the primary reason for their condition; yet, they do not always connect poverty with violent conflict. They argue that new conflicts have emerged as a result of politicized agents who have used the plight of the poor to address the responses—or lack thereof—of the state to the citizenry's legal education. This is because the government is unable to provide basic infrastructure and services for its citizens (Ibrahim and Aliyu, 2019). Therefore, the study examines the fight against corruption and insecurities in Nigeria.

1.2 Statement Of The Prblem

The situation in Nigeria has gotten much worse as a result of the recent wave of instability that has been wreaking havoc throughout the country. Around one trillion naira was allocated to security in the National Budget of 2012, which was titled Fiscal Consolidation, Inclusive Growth and Job Creation. This is several times more than the allocations for education, health, and other social services combined (FGN, 2022). Even with such a massive amount of money being allocated to the Security Subsector, Nigerians have not been able to rest easy since the nation is plagued with violent crime. They include acts such as arson, domestic violence, abduction, murder, politically driven assassinations, sectarian provoked assaults and murders, and numerous other kinds of violence that inundate the land. There are also several other types of violence that inundate the land (Albert, 2017, Akinwale & Aderinto, 2022). The northern region of Nigeria has been under assault by a fundamentalist religious sect known as Boko Haram (Western Education is a sin/forbidden). These attacks have been relentless and precise, and they have killed a large number of people. Several notable Nigerians, such as Theophilus Danjuma, a retired General and former minister of defense, are sounding the alarm about an oncoming disaster, making a comparison to the failed state of Somalia. The nation is now in a state of upheaval and seems to be at war with itself. Nigeria is turbulent. In point of fact, the irresponsibility with which bombs are detonated on a daily basis may be accurately described as the Iraqization of Nigeria (Nnonyelu, 2022). The nation's precarious cohesion is under jeopardy as a result of the resurgence of ethnic and sectarian tensions. Due to the prevalence of these assaults, the administration of justice, the provision of essential conveniences to the populace, and the enhancement of their standard of living are all rendered impossible until the precarious state of affairs is remedied (Forest, 2012). Hence the study seeks to look into the fight against corruption and insecurities in Nigeria.

1.3 objectives of the study

The broad objective of the study of the study is to examine the fight against corruption and insecurities in Nigeria. The specific objectives is as follows:

1. To examine the causes of corruption and insecurity in Nigeria

2. To investigate the effect of corruption and insecurity on national development

3. To ascertain the approaches adopted for effective mitigation of corruption and insecurities in Nigeria.

4. To find out the challenges of the Nigerian government in combating corruption and insecurity in Nigeria.

1.4 Research Questions

The following questions have been prepared for the study:

1. What are the causes of corruption and insecurity in Nigeria?

2. What is the effect of corruption and insecurity on national development?

3. What are the approaches adopted for effective mitigation of corruption and insecurities in Nigeria?

4. What are the challenges of the Nigerian government in combating corruption and insecurity in Nigeria?

1.5 Significance Of The Study

The study is significant to the Nigerian government as the findings will reveal the extent at which corruption has led to insecurity in Nigeria. Thereby, preferring ways in which corruption and insecurity can be curbed in Nigeria.

The study is significant to the academic community as it will contribute to the existing literature.

1.6 Scope Of The Study

The scope of this study borders on the fight against corruption and insecurities in Nigeria. The study will examine the causes of corruption and insecurity in Nigeria. The study will also find out the challenges of the Nigerian government in combating corruption and insecurity in Nigeria. The study will further investigate the effect of corruption and insecurity on national development.

1.7 Research Methodology

Research methodology deals with the different ways or methods the researcher applied in order to carry out the research as well as the instrument used for gathering the data. There are several research methodologies appropriate for answering the research questions. The type of research methodology used in this research to gather data and relevant information is the qualitative research design and the study will adopt descriptive method of data collection. This will involve the collection of materials from secondary sources, such as books, journal articles, magazines, internet sources, international and national conference proceedings, published and unpublished articles.

1.8 Organization of the study

The study consisted of five chapters. Chapter one comprised background of the study and a general introduction to the work. It included statement of problem of the study, highlighted the objectives of the study, the scope within which the research was conducted is also highlighted. An outline of how the work is organized is also detailed in the chapter one. The chapter two of the study reviewed the causes of corruption and insecurity in Nigeria. Chapter three discussed find out the challenges of the Nigerian government in combating corruption and insecurity in Nigeria. Chapter four investigate the effect of corruption and insecurity on national development and the chapter five is a summary of the major findings with recommendations and conclusion to the study.