ASSESSMENT OF CAMEROON FOREIGN POLICY AND CONTEMPORARY SECURITY CHALLENGES

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the study

The widespread growth of security studies demonstrates the extent to which the field has shifted from its initial focus on military personnel analysis in the 1960s to including anybody who can provide empirical analysis of the present global structure. Furthermore, the field of security studies is being enriched by human contact, since the process of globalisation has reduced the physical and cultural barriers that formerly hindered interpersonal connections (Agberndifor, 2017). Furthermore, while the international community often engages in repetitive and meaningless discussions about peace and security, it is increasingly important to focus on pressing issues such as terrorism, radical Islam, racism, fascism, corruption, ethnic and tribal conflicts, disease, state-sponsored terrorism, cybercrime, and drug abuse. These problems persistently undermine the efforts made by both governments and non-governmental entities (Haldevang, 2018). This work extensively examines the security challenges in Cameroon, as they serve as a benchmark and foundation for comprehending various factors such as ethnic divisions, kleptocracy, and other ordinary activities that, despite functioning independently, are closely linked and harmful to Cameroon's overall performance rating. These components possess significant strength and mostly reject economic and political involvements that are intended to contribute to the development of the country(Agbor, 2017). Hence, they might be deemed culpable for the offence of destabilising Cameroon's economy and fostering social division in a country that has long been living in a state of constant turmoil, akin to a simmering volcano, with its explosion commencing in late 2016. Moreover, Cameroon plays a crucial role in its economic sub area, making it strategically important. Therefore, comprehending Cameroon's security concerns would provide valuable insights into the whole region.

Cameroon, situated in Central Africa, has seen notable changes in its foreign policy framework in response to shifting regional and global security conditions. It is vital to comprehend Cameroon's foreign policy position and its reaction to current security concerns, considering its broad geopolitical interests and significant role in the Central African area (Reuters , 2015). The purpose of this research is to conduct a thorough examination of Cameroon's foreign policy goals, methods, and how they relate to and tackle the many security concerns that the country faces in today's global environment. The formulation of Cameroon's foreign policy has been influenced by an intricate network of historical, geographical, economic, and strategic elements. Since achieving independence in 1960, the nation has successfully managed its way through changing regional alliances, internal socio-political dynamics, and foreign influences, all while working to protect its national interests and foster stability in the Central African area(Matsinkou and  Juakom, 2015). Cameroon has endeavoured to maintain a harmonious relationship with both Western and non-Western countries, actively participating in international forums, and promoting regional integration via projects like the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and the African Union (AU) (Agbaw-Ebai, 2016).

Nevertheless, despite its diligent efforts, Cameroon faces a variety of current security obstacles that provide substantial risks to its stability, progress, and territorial integrity. The issues arise from a range of factors, including as domestic conflicts, transnational crime, terrorism, border disputes, and environmental deterioration. Cameroon is now facing significant security challenges, including the Boko Haram insurgency in the Far North area, the Anglophone situation in the Northwest and Southwest regions, and the repercussions of crises in neighbouring countries like the Central African Republic and Nigeria. Therefore, the researcher sought to examine Cameroon foreign policy and contemporary security challenges.

1.2 Statement of the problem

Cameroon's foreign policy is now facing a crucial moment as the country deals with a complicated array of modern security problems. In the midst of changing geopolitical dynamics, regional conflicts, and transnational threats, Cameroon is confronted with several security issues, including terrorism, insurgency, border disputes, and humanitarian disasters. Gaining insight into how Cameroon's foreign policy apparatus tackles these difficulties is crucial for supporting regional stability, protecting national interests, and forging international collaboration (Fon, 2017).

Nevertheless, there is a notable deficiency in academic material about the effectiveness, consistency, and flexibility of Cameroon's foreign policy framework in addressing these current security problems. Although previous research provides some understanding of Cameroon's past approach to foreign policy, it often lacks a full examination of its reactions to present security dynamics (Myafrikaudate, 2018). Furthermore, there has been a lack of focus on the influence of external players, regional alliances, and multilateral partnerships in determining Cameroon's foreign policy choices on security. Hence, the study examine Cameroon foreign policy and contemporary security challenges.

1.3 Objective of the study

The broad objectives of the study is to examine Cameroon foreign policy and contemporary security challenges. The specific objectives is as follows

Analyze the objectives of  Cameroon's foreign policy 

Assess contemporary security challenges facing Cameroon

investigates the interplay between Cameroon's foreign policy decisions and its responses to security challenges.

1.4 Research questions

The following questions have been prepared to further guide the study

What are the objectives of  Cameroon's foreign policy?

What are the contemporary security challenges facing Cameroon?

What is the interplay between Cameroon's foreign policy decisions and its responses to security challenges?

1.5 Significance of the study

The findings of the research on Cameroon's foreign policy and security challenges can yield valuable policy recommendations for policymakers, both within Cameroon and in the international community. By identifying areas for improvement or opportunities for collaboration, research in this area can contribute to more effective security strategies and diplomatic initiatives.

The findings of the study will be significant to the academic community as it will contribute to the existing literature.

1.6 Scope of the study

The study focuses on  Cameroon foreign policy and contemporary security challenges. Empirically, the study will analyze the objectives of  Cameroon's foreign policy,  assess contemporary security challenges facing Cameroon and investigates the interplay between Cameroon's foreign policy decisions and its responses to security challenges.

1.7 Limitation of the study

Like in every human endeavour, the researchers encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire, and interview), which is why the researcher resorted to a moderate choice of sample size. More so, the researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.

1.8 Definition of terms

Foreign policy: how a country uses different strategies to guide its relationships with other countries and international organizations

Security challenges: Security challenges in any nation constitute threat to lives and properties, hinder business activities and discourage local and foreign investors which invariably slow down economic growth and development.