A COMPARATIVE ASSESSMENT  OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN CAMEROON: CASE STUDY CPDM AND SDF

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

 Background of the study

Political parties are essential in influencing the political environment of a country by reflecting the varied interests of individuals and advancing the democratic process. In Cameroon, a nation known for its many cultures, ethnicities, and socio-political intricacies, the importance and influence of political parties are especially notable. The Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (CPDM) and the Social Democratic Front (SDF) are significant players in Cameroon's political landscape, influenced by historical, cultural, and economic factors (Branch & Mampilly, 2015). 

Cameroon's political history is characterised by a sequence of transitions and changes. Since achieving independence from colonial domination, the country has seen changes in government structures, beliefs, and political practices. Founded in 1985 under President Paul Biya's leadership, the CPDM has been a prominent influence in Cameroonian politics for many years. Its philosophy, organisational structure, and techniques have had a substantial impact on national policies and governance procedures. The Social Democratic Front (SDF), founded in 1990 by Ni John Fru Ndi, became a strong opposition group supporting democratic reforms, political pluralism, and socio-economic fairness. The presence of both CPDM and SDF has enriched Cameroon's political scene by providing people with several options for political participation and expression. The relationship between these groups is marked by competitiveness, conflict, and sporadic cooperation, mirroring larger tensions throughout Cameroonian society. 

Although CPDM and SDF have different ideological orientations and strategic methods, they both have complex problems in carrying out their duties as political actors (Egobueze, 2021). Factors including government accountability, election integrity, socio-economic growth, and ethno-regional conflicts play a significant role in shaping party politics in Cameroon and impact the views and choices of voters. 

Due to the importance of CPDM and SDF in Cameroon's politics, it is crucial to do a comparative analysis to clarify their organisational structures, ideological frameworks, electoral tactics, and social influences. Analysing these parties may provide useful insights into their strengths, weaknesses, possibilities, and dangers, which can enhance our knowledge of Cameroon's democratic progress and potential for political stability and societal unity (Egobueze & Nweke, 2016). This research intends to compare CPDM and SDF by analysing their historical development, ideological beliefs, organisational structure, election results, and socio-political influences. This study aims to analyse party politics in Cameroon using a multi-dimensional approach to understand the cohabitation of powerful government parties and active opposition movements, highlighting both possibilities and constraints. Therefore, the researcher sought to examine the comparative assessment of political parties in Cameroon: case study CPDM and SDF.

 Statement of the problem

Cameroon's political scene has several political parties, each with unique ideology, objectives, and support networks. The Cameroon People's Democratic Movement (CPDM) and the Social Democratic Front (SDF) are two influential parties with differing governing agendas in Cameroon (Freiherr von Nostitz, 2016). There is a shortage of thorough comparative study on the organisational structures, leadership dynamics, policy platforms, electoral tactics, and socio-political implications of these two parties, despite their significance. There is an urgent need to further explore the similarities and contrasts between the CPDM and the SDF to get significant insights into Cameroon's political dynamics (Moliki, 2019). This study tries to fill this vacuum by performing a thorough comparative evaluation of the CPDM and SDF, examining their historical origins, ideological stances, party frameworks, voter characteristics, electoral achievements, and social contributions (Oden, 2018). The research aims to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats encountered by both parties in Cameroon's political landscape. It provides recommendations to improve democratic governance and political participation in the nation. Hence, the study will examine the comparative assessment of political parties in Cameroon: case study CPDM and SDF.

1.3 Objective of the study

The broad objective of the study is to examine the comparative assessment of political parties in Cameroon: case study CPDM and SDF. The specific objectives is as follows;

To examine the difference in the organizational structures of the CPDM and SDF political parties.

To assess the  socio-political impact of the CPDM and SDF in Cameroon.

To explore the  role of  CPDM and SDF in national development of Cameroon.

1.4 Research questions

The following questions have been prepared to guide the study

Is there a difference in the organizational structures of the CPDM and SDF political parties?

What are the  socio-political impact of the CPDM and SDF in Cameroon?

What are the  role of  CPDM and SDF in national development of Cameroon?

1.5 Significance of the study

The findings of the study will be significant to the following;

Government: Cameroon, like many African nations, has been undergoing democratization processes. Analyzing the performance and characteristics of major political parties like CPDM and SDF can shed light on the state of democracy and governance in the country. Understanding how these parties operate and compete can inform efforts to strengthen democratic institutions.

Political Party: Investigating CPDM and SDF provides insights into the power dynamics within Cameroon's political arena. This includes understanding the strategies each party employs to maintain or challenge power, their relationships with different societal groups, and the extent of their influence on policy-making processes.

Academia: the study will be of benefit to the academic community as it will contribute to the existing literature.

1.6 Scope of the study

The study focuses on the comparative assessment of political parties in cameroon: case study CPDM and SDF.  Empirically, the study will examine the difference in the organizational structures of the CPDM and SDF political parties, assess the  socio-political impact of the CPDM and SDF in Cameroon and explore the  role of  CPDM and SDF in national development of Cameroon.

1.7 Limitations of the study

Like in every human endeavour, the researchers encountered slight constraints while carrying out the study. Insufficient funds tend to impede the efficiency of the researcher in sourcing for the relevant materials, literature, or information and in the process of data collection (internet, questionnaire, and interview), which is why the researcher resorted to a moderate choice of sample size. More so, the researcher will simultaneously engage in this study with other academic work. As a result, the amount of time spent on research will be reduced.

1.8 Definition of terms

Political Parties: Organized groups of individuals with similar political ideologies, aims, and objectives, seeking to influence public policy, gain political power, and represent constituents within a governmental system.

Governance: The process and system by which decisions are made and implemented within a society or organization, encompassing various actors, institutions, policies, and practices aimed at achieving collective goals and addressing societal needs.

Democracy: A form of government characterized by free and fair elections, rule of law, protection of individual rights and freedoms, accountability of leaders to citizens, and mechanisms for peaceful transfer of power.